h:En:Shipnetwork
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This page describes how to collect data from the ship's network with a computer.
Many manufacturers use their own proprietary connectors or protocols but most of them may be used with a standard connector and protocol. The following section describes how to attach certain devices in an efficient way. An introduction to computer connectors and connectors from the ship's network is given first as they work in different ways.
You may find a shortened manual here NMEA-Logger anschliessen (requires translation from german to english)
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Safety Advice
The manufacturers of navigation devices take great care to protect their devices from dirt and water so that in case of capsize or flooding the devices have a chance of surviving. Computer connectors should be constructed in such a way that a short circuit does not affect the ship's network. Good connector hardware will utilise galvanic isolation as a safeguard.
Laptop/Smartphone Connectors
Depending on the computer there are different connectors available. Some of them are wired, some of them are wireless.
Serial Port
This port is known as RS-232 Port or COM Port.
Connector
The connector on the computer usually is a male 9-pole connector, requiring a cable with a female connector. Modern computers no longer use such a connector, as they are too big and have restricted data rates. Computers built before 2008 probably have such a connector. Newer computers with USB ports can use virtual COM port device drivers.
Transmission
Data bytes are transferred asynchronously without flow control which means that each byte must be actively processed as soon as it arrives at the receiving end.
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
This connector is the successor of the serial connector and reduces the amount of required panel space and operates at much higher bit rates.
Plug
Most laptops have a type A connector. Most smart phones have Mirco USB connectors. Other small devices often use a Mini USB connector that is of an intermediate size.
Transmission
The transmission of data from sensors is usually handled via a com port emulator that is installed in the operating system. This means that old software may still use the virtual com port and does not need to look after usb devices. Smart phones do not have such a device common access point which is why usb devices have to have a special driver for the smartphone operating system.
Bluetooth
This protocol uses a wireless connection which may be used to transfer serial data over short distances (approx. 10m) There are no connectors but the bluetooth logo indicates that a devices offers this kind of protocol. The protocol offers different transfer modes which may not be supported by every device. To use serial transfers the RFCOMM Profile is being used. An IPod does NOT offer this kind of protocol but most smart phones do offer this kind of protocol.
Ethernet/IP/TCP/UDP
Ethernet has become a synonym for network connection. Most of the data transfer on the internet passes over this kind of interface. It is a packet oriented protocol that transfers many bytes at once. Ethernet connections are currently not used very often in marine equipment but some AIS devices do have an ethernet connector.
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network
Many smart phones and computers support this wireless network protocol. Technically it is based on ethernet and offers high bandwith with packet oriented data transfer. The wireless nature and the wide support of devices made it the choice for some manufacturers to equip latest devices with such an interface.
Manufacturer
The manufacturers advertise their products with standard conformance but most of them do NOT fully comply with them. There are many manufactur specific variants built into the protocol or connector system. The reasoning is an economic one: Manufacturers try to bind customers to their products by setting obstacles to switch to another system from another vendor. A technical reason for using almost-standard devices is of course the ever lasting process of standardization that may take years to complete. The customer has to suffer from this as he must buy expensive adaptor cables in order to connect the "standardized" devices.
Raymarine Protocols
Raymarine devices were built into many european ships mainly because major vendors like Bavaria had contracts with Raymarine.
SeaTalk-1
SeaTalk is a Raymarine proprietary serial protocol that is used by marine instruments to exchange data [1]. As the protocol itself is closed source two options are available:
- Buy an official SeaTalk to NMEA converter from Raymarine
- Buy a third party or homebrew device with a reverse engineered the protocol. Brookhouse and GadgetPool offer such devices.
These gateways may be used to convert to NMEA 0183.
- SeaTalk-1 Cabling
SeaTalk-1 is a bus, therefore all devices are connected in parallel. Most devices have two connectors so that devices can be daisy-chained. At the end of the bus a connector is free which may be used. Sometimes the bus ends at the plotter which does have only one plug where the other end is attached to the battery. In that case no free connector will be available and a Seatalk-1 junction box (Raymarine D244) must be used to attach a further device. The plug has three pins and is always female.
SeaTalk-NG
SeaTalk-NG (Next Generation, former: SeaTalk²) is based on NMEA-2000 or CAN. The packet oriented protocol provides a bandwidth of 250 kbit/s. Data is being transferred as standardized NMEA-2000 / CAN Frames. Wiring is done through backbone cable which must be terminated by a resistor at each and. Devices are attached by adding T-connectors to the backbone. A connection to a PC may be established through a Raymarine converter. Alternatively adapter cables are available that converts the backbone cable to a standard NMEA 2000 cable. There an NMEA-2000 to USB or Bluetooth or WLAN adapter device may be attached. Such a device is offered by Actisense (NGT-1). Note: A second NMEA-2000 to SeaTalk NG adapter cable with opposite pinout or a NMEA2000 terminator is necessary in order to terminate the bus correctly.
- SeaTalk-NG Conector system
Raymarine developed a colour coded plug system for the SeaTalk-NG bus. Backbone cables, terminators, plugs and headers are coloured blue. Spur cables, plugs and headers are coloured white. SeaTalk-1 to SeaTalk-NG converter cable, plugs and headers are coloured yellow. SeaTalk-NG power cable are coloured red.
SeaTalk-HS
SeaTalk-HS (High Speed) is a Ethernet-based protocol. It is used where the bandwidth of the CAN bus does not suffice. Usage examples are Raymarine displays connected to each other or radar downlinks. Not much is known about this procotol except it is based on ethernet. No reverse engineering of this protocol is known or documented yet. However it is likely that it is an IP based protocol stack.
Raymarine Devices
A-Series
C-Series (old)
A frequently used device is the C-70 which nowadays is being built in a new version. The installation manual may be found here Raymarine. On page 27 (PDF:33) you may find the available connectors. The described SeaTalk² protocol was renamed to SeaTalk-NG. The device therefore offers SeaTalk 1 and SeaTalk NG. You have three options to attach a computer:
- via SeaTalk 1: At the end of the bus add a SeaTalk 1 to NMEA 0183 converter
- integrate with the existing SeaTalk²/NG net and add a NMEA-2000 converter. Pay attention to correct wiring
- connect directly to NMEA-0183 data connector (often used by the autopilot or something else).
A video that shows how to connect the devices can be found here
Yacht manufacturers
- Bavaria used Raymarine devices up until 2011
- Beneteau uses Raymarine
- Jeanneau used Raymarine devices up until 2012
- ELAN uses Raymarine
E-Series (old)
E-Series (new)
G-Series
E80
Furuno
Lowrance
Lowrance has colour coded connector cables. The blue network was sold from 2005 to 2006. The red network has been sold since 2006. Using an adapter cable, blue networks may be attached to red networks.
Garmin
NMEA-2000
Garmin uses the standard NMEA-2000 cables and connectors. Devices may be attached to a PC with a common NMEA-2000 to USB converter.
Standards
NMEA 0183
see NMEA-0183
NMEA 2000
see NMEA-2000
Bus Converter
| from | to | Manufacturer, Device | Notes | Price | Picture | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SeaTalk | USB / NMEA-0183 | GadgetPool | Galvanic isolated, unshielded (not usuable without shielding) | 125 € | ||
| SeaTalk, USB, NMEA-0183 and Bluetooth | Brookhouse | Connection Diagrams | ||||
| SeaTalk | NMEA-0183 | Raymarine | ||||
| NMEA-2000 | USB/Serial | Actisense | ||||
| NMEA-0183 | WLAN | Digital Yacht | ||||
